Vacuum pump

ABSTRACT

A pump insert ( 50 ) for supporting a rotor ( 14 ) of a pump comprises an annular resilient support ( 52 ) for engaging the body ( 26 ) of the pump, the support ( 52 ) extending about a rolling bearing ( 10 ) having an inner race ( 12 ) for engaging the rotor ( 14 ), an axially preloaded outer race ( 16 ) fixed to the support ( 52 ), and a plurality of rolling elements ( 18 ) located between the races. During assembly, the rolling bearing ( 10 ) can be accurately positioned within the support ( 52 ) so that there is a very low tolerance stack-up when the insert ( 50 ) is fitted to the rotor ( 14 ). Consequently, the position of the rotor ( 14 ) will hardly change, if at all, when the rolling bearing ( 10 ) is replaced during servicing of the pump.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a divisional of and claims priority of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/522,317, filed Jan. 28, 2010, which is aSection 371 National Stage Application of International Application No.PCT/GB2008/050022, filed Jan. 1, 2008, which is incorporated byreference in its entirety and published as WO 2008/093134 A1 on Aug. 7,2008 and which claims priority of British Application No. 0701609.0,filed Jan. 29, 2007.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to an insert for a pump, to a vacuum pumpincluding such an insert, and to a method of assembling a pump insert.

BACKGROUND

Vacuum pumps typically comprise a body and a rotor supported forrotation relative to the body to draw gas from a tool connected to theinlet of the pump. The rotor is supported by a bearing arrangementcomprising two bearings located at or intermediate respective ends ofthe rotor. Usually, the upper bearing is in the form of a magneticbearing, and the lower bearing is in the form of a rolling bearing.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, a typical rolling bearing 10 comprises aninner race 12 extending about the rotor 14, an outer race 16, and aplurality of rolling elements 18, supported by a cage 20, for allowingrelative rotation of the inner race 12 and the outer race 16. Therolling bearing 10 is lubricated to establish a load-carrying filmseparating the bearing components in rolling and sliding contact inorder to minimize friction and wear, and shield elements 22 are providedto resist seepage of lubricant from the rolling bearing 10. A radialdamping ring 24 is positioned radially between a radial end surface ofthe outer race 16 and the body 26 of the pump for damping radialmovement of the outer race 16. An axial damping ring 28 is providedbetween an axial end surface of the outer race 16 and the body 26 fordamping axial movement of the outer race 16. The rolling bearing 10 issecured to the rotor 14 by a threaded nut 30 which is screwed on to theend of the rotor 14 so that the upper (as illustrated) axial end surface32 of the inner race 12 engages an abutment surface 34 of the rotor 14.

The upper magnetic bearing (not shown) typically comprises a stack ofmagnetic bearing rotor rings mounted on the rotor 14, and a stack ofmagnetic bearing stator rings, concentric with and located inside therotor rings, mounted on an axially adjustable mounting which is accessedthrough the inlet of the pump. The axial position of the mounting isadjusted so that the stacks of rings are axially offset. Due to theforces of repulsion between the rings, the rotor 14 is biased in theaxial direction so that an axial preload is applied to the rotor 14.

The rolling bearing 10 and the damping rings 24, 28 are usually replacedwhen the pump is serviced. As there is a tolerance stack-up between theupper (as illustrated) axial end surface of the inner race 12 of thebearing and the upper axial end surface 36 of the axial damping ring 28,this can result in the rotor 14 being in a different axial positionfollowing the replacement of these components. A change in this positionof the rotor 14 will change the axial preload applied to the rotor 14 bythe magnetic bearing; if this preload is too high the rolling bearing 10may be subject to excessive wear, whilst if this preload is too lowcomponents of the rotor 14 may clash with components of the pump body 26during use of the pump. Consequently, once the rolling bearing 10 hasbeen replaced, the pump has to be disconnected from the tool so that themounting for the magnetic bearing stator rings can be adjusted to ensurethat the axial preload is at the required value. This can considerablyincrease the time required to service the pump.

SUMMARY

The present invention provides a vacuum pump comprising a body and arotor supported for rotation relative to the body by an insert insertedaround the rotor, the insert comprising a metallic, annular resilientsupport comprising inner and outer annular portions connected by aplurality of flexible members, the resilient support extending about arolling bearing having an inner race, an axially preloaded outer racefixed to the inner annular portion of the resilient support, and aplurality of rolling elements located between the races.

During assembly, the rolling bearing can be accurately positioned withinthe support so that there is a very low tolerance stack-up when theinsert is fitted to the rotor. Consequently, a set of inserts can beassembled with the rolling bearing being located in the same positionrelative to the support throughout the set of inserts. As a result, theposition of the rotor will not change when the rolling bearing isreplaced during servicing of the pump, and so there is no change in theaxial preload of the rotor, and so no requirement to disconnect the pumpfrom a tool during servicing. By axially preloading the outer race ofthe bearing, any internal clearance in the bearing is removed, therebyeliminating radial and axial play, and increasing system rigidity.

The invention extends to the insert per se, and therefore also providesan insert for insertion around a rotor of a pump, the insert comprisinga metallic, annular resilient support comprising inner and outer annularportions connected by a plurality of flexible members, the resilientsupport extending about a rolling bearing having an inner race, anaxially preloaded outer race fixed to the inner annular portion of theresilient support, and a plurality of rolling elements located betweenthe races.

An axial end surface of the inner race is preferably axially displacedrelative to an axial end surface of the resilient support. The endsurface of the inner race is preferably axially displaced relative tothe end surface of the resilient support by a distance in the range from1 to 3 mm, and in the preferred embodiment is axially displaced by 1.8mm.

The outer surface of the outer race is preferably attached to an innersurface of the inner annular portion of the support.

Each of the flexible members is preferably an elongate, arcuate membersubstantially concentric with the inner and outer annular portions. Inthe preferred embodiment, these members are circumferentially aligned.The flexible members of the resilient support can thus provide integralleaf springs of the resilient support, and hence determine the radialstiffness of the resilient support. The radial flexibility of theresilient support may be readily designed, for example using finiteelement analysis, to have predetermined flexure characteristics adaptedto the vibrational characteristics of the drive shaft. Low radialstiffness in the range from 50 to 500 N/mm may be achieved to meet therequired rotor dynamics of the pump; lowering the radial stiffnessreduces the second mode natural frequency of the pump, which in turnreduces the transmissibility of vibration at full pump speed and hencethe level of pump vibration for a specific shaft out-of-balance. In viewof this, acceptable levels of transmission imbalance vibration may beachieved without the need to perform high speed balancing, providing asignificant cost reduction per pump.

The resilient support is preferably formed from metallic material suchas tempered steel, aluminium, titanium, phosphor bronze, berylliumcopper, an alloy of aluminium or an alloy of titanium. In this case, theradial and axial stiffnesses of the resilient support do not change withtemperature or with time, that is, through creep.

The support is preferably adhered to the outer race using an adhesive.

The present invention also provides a method of assembling a pumpinsert, the method comprising the steps of locating an annular resilientsupport about a rolling bearing having an inner race, an outer race anda plurality of rolling elements located between the races, positioningthe bearing at a desired location within the support relative to anaxial end surface of the support, and at this location, fixing thesupport to the outer race of the bearing whilst applying a preload tothe outer race of the bearing.

As discussed above, at the desired location an axial end surface of theinner race is preferably axially displaced relative to the axial endsurface of the resilient support. A spacer may be used to position thebearing at the desired location so that the end surface of the innerrace is axially displaced relative to the end surface of the resilientsupport by a desired amount. For example, the spacer may have a supportengaging portion for engaging the end surface of the support, and abearing engaging portion which protrudes into the bore of the support bythe desired amount when the end surface of the support is engaged by thesupport engaging portion of the spacer. The bearing can be readilypositioned within the support so that the end surface of the inner raceengages the bearing engaging portion of the spacer, thus enabling thebearing to be accurately positioned at the desired location within thesupport. A resilient member, for example a spring, can be providedbetween the spacer and the outer race for applying the axial load to thebearing when it is positioned at the desired location.

The present invention further provides a method of assembling a vacuumpump comprising a body and a rotor supported for rotation relative tothe body, the method comprising the steps of sliding an insert asaforementioned over the rotor until an axial end surface of the supportengages the body and an axial end surface of the inner race of thebearing engages the rotor, and securing the insert to the rotor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred features of the present invention will now be described, byway of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a known rolling bearingsupporting the rotor of a pump;

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a pump insert including arolling bearing;

FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of the resilient support of theinsert of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 illustrates a method of assembling the insert of FIG. 2; and

FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the insert of FIG. 2supporting the rotor of a pump.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the pump insert 50, whichforms part of a bearing arrangement of a pump. The insert 50 comprises aknown rolling bearing 10 as described above with reference to FIG. 1,and which comprises an inner race 12, an outer race 16, and a pluralityof rolling elements 18, supported by a cage 20, for allowing relativerotation of the inner race 12 and the outer race 16. The rolling bearing10 is lubricated to establish a load-carrying film separating thebearing components in rolling and sliding contact in order to minimizefriction and wear, and shield elements 22 are provided to resist seepageof lubricant from the rolling bearing 10.

The rolling bearing 10 is located within an annular resilient support52, which is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 3. The resilient support52 comprises a metallic member having integral inner and outer annularportions 54, 56 connected together by a plurality of integral flexiblemembers 58 formed by machining slots 60 in the support 52. Each flexiblemember 58 is connected by a first resilient hinge 62 to the innerportion 54, and by a second resilient hinge 64 to the outer portion 56.Each flexible member 58 is in the form of an elongate, arcuate membersubstantially concentric with the inner and outer annular portions 54,56, and, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the flexible members 58 arepreferably circumferentially aligned. The flexible members 58 of theresilient support 52 thus provide integral leaf springs of the resilientsupport 52.

Returning to FIG. 2, the outer radial surface 38 of the outer race 16 ofthe bearing 10 is fixed to the inner, axially extending cylindricalsurface 66 of inner portion 54 of the support 52, preferably using anadhesive. The bearing 10 is preferably positioned within the support 52at a location at which the axial end surface 32 of the inner race 12 ofthe bearing 10 is axially displaced from the axial end surface 68 by adesired amount y, which is preferably in the range from 1 to 3 mm, andwhich in a preferred embodiment is 1.8 mm.

FIG. 4 illustrates a method of assembling the insert 50. A spacer 80 isused to position the bearing 10 at the desired location within thesupport 52. The spacer 80 has a support engaging portion 82 for engagingthe axial end surface 68 of the support 52, and a bearing engagingportion 84 for engaging the axial end surface 32 of the inner race 12 ofthe bearing 10. The support engaging portion 82 has an annular, planarsurface 86 which is located on the axial end surface 68 of the support52 so that the bearing engaging portion 84 of the spacer 80 protrudesinto the bore 70 of the support 52 by the desired amount γ. The bearing10 is inserted into the bore 70 of the support 52, and is pushed towardsthe spacer 80 until the axial end surface 32 of the inner race 12engages the axial end surface 88 of the bearing engaging portion 84 ofthe spacer 80. The bearing 10 is then fixed to the support 52,preferably using an adhesive to adhere the outer radial surface 38 ofthe outer race 16 of the bearing 10 to the inner cylindrical surface 66of inner portion 54 of the support 52.

As also illustrated in FIG. 4, a resilient member 90, preferably atension spring, is located between the spacer 80 and the bearing 10. Theresilient member 90 preferably has one end connected to the annularsurface 86 of the spacer 80 to retain the resilient member in position.As the bearing 10 is moved towards the spacer 80, the resilient member90 is compressed between the spacer 80 and the outer race 16 of thebearing 10 to exert an axial load on the outer race 16. When the bearing10 is positioned at the desired location, this resilient member 90applies a known axial load to the outer race 16, so that in theassembled insert 50 the outer race 16 is axially preloaded.

A set of inserts 50 can thus be assembled, sequentially, using thespacer 80 so that, within the set, each rolling bearing 10 is located atthe same position relative to its support 52, and each rolling bearing10 has the same axial preload.

FIG. 5 illustrates the insert 50 in situ about the rotor 14 of a vacuumpump. During assembly of the pump, and with the rotor 14 restrained toinhibit its rotation, the insert 50 is located over the end 15 of therotor 14, and is slid along the rotor 14 until the axial end surface 68of the support 52 engages the pump body 26 and the axial end surface 32of the inner race 12 of the bearing 10 engages the abutment surface 34of the rotor 14. The oil nut 30 is then screwed on to the end of therotor 14 to secure the inner race 12 of the bearing 10 to the rotor 14.If the pump also has a magnetic bearing forming part of its bearingarrangement for supporting the rotor, the mounting for the magneticstator rings of the magnetic bearing is adjusted to exert a desiredaxial preload on the rotor 14.

During servicing of the pump when it is in situ for evacuating a tool,the rotor 14 is again restrained to prevent its rotation, the oil nut isunscrewed from the rotor 14 and the insert 50 is removed from the pump.A fresh insert 50 is then inserted on to the rotor 14 and slid inposition, and the oil nut 30 is screwed back on to the rotor to retainthe insert 50 in position. As there is a very low tolerance stack-upbetween the axial end surface 68 of the support 52 and the axial endsurface 32 of the inner race 12 of the bearing 10, the axial position ofthe rotor 14 will hardly change, if at all, as a result of changing theinsert 50. Consequently, there is no need to disconnect the pump fromthe tool to adjust the axial preload on the rotor 14.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An insert for insertion around a rotor of apump, the insert comprising a metallic, annular resilient supportcomprising inner and outer annular portions connected by a plurality offlexible members, the resilient support extending about a rollingbearing having an inner race, an axially preloaded outer race comprisingan outer surface fixedly attached to an inner surface of the innerannular portion of the resilient support by an adhesive, and a pluralityof rolling elements located between the races wherein the outer race ispositioned on the inner surface at a location determined by an axialload applied to the outer race as the inner race is moved in an oppositedirection from the axial load.
 2. The insert according to claim 1,wherein an axial end surface of the inner race is axially displacedrelative to an axial end surface of the resilient support.
 3. The insertaccording to claim 2, wherein the end surface of the inner race isaxially displaced relative to the end surface of the resilient supportby a distance in a range from 1 to 3 mm.
 4. The insert according toclaim 1, wherein each of the flexible members is an elongate, arcuatemember substantially concentric with the inner and outer annularportions.
 5. The insert according to claim 4, wherein the flexiblemembers are circumferentially aligned.
 6. The insert according to claim1, wherein the flexible members provide a plurality of integral leafsprings of the resilient support.
 7. The insert according to claim 1,wherein the metallic material comprises one of tempered steel,aluminium, titanium, phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, an alloy ofaluminium and an alloy of titanium.
 8. A method of assembling a vacuumpump comprising a body and a rotor supported for rotation relative tothe body, the method comprising the steps of sliding an insert accordingto claim 1 over the rotor until an axial end surface of the supportengages the body and an axial end surface of the inner race of thebearing engages the rotor, and securing the insert to the rotor.
 9. Avacuum pump comprising a body and a rotor supported for rotationrelative to the body by an insert inserted around the rotor, the insertcomprising a metallic, annular resilient support comprising inner andouter annular portions connected by a plurality of flexible members, theresilient support extending about a rolling bearing having an innerrace, an axially preloaded outer race having an outer surface fixed toan inner surface of the inner annular portion of the resilient supportso as to prevent axial movement of the rolling bearing relative to theresilient support, and a plurality of rolling elements located betweenthe races, wherein the outer race is positioned on the inner surface ata location determined by an axial load applied to the outer race as theinner race is moved in an opposite direction from the axial load.